Everything That You Need To Know About Gemstone Carving

The art of gemstone carving in India dates back to the Indus Valley civilization, where precious and semi-precious stones were first utilized in jewelry and decorative arts. Jaipur emerged as a significant center for gem and jewelry exports, blending traditional craftsmanship with modern manufacturing techniques.

Among the few artists dedicated to gemstone carving is Shri Amrit Sirohiya from Jaipur, who has gained acclaim for his imaginative and intricate gemstone carvings. His work reflects a high level of detail and creativity, showcasing the rich tradition of this art form. Distinct from his family members who are miniature painters and clay moulding artists, Sirohiya chose to pursue gemstone carving. His dedication to the craft has earned him numerous awards and participation in both national and international exhibitions. He also founded The Creation of Gem Stone Carving Institute, where he has trained around a hundred young students, ensuring the continuation of this intricate art form.

What is the process of gemstone carving?

Tools and Raw Materials required:

• Tooth Chisel: The tooth chisel is principally used in the geometric reduction of a larger piece of stone.

• Flat Chisel: It has a straight edge with a slight bevel. It is the finishing tool used before the final abrasive finishing, rasping, and sanding. 

• Point Chisel: It is used for the second stage of removal, is a flat straight chisel with slightly bevelled teeth. It removes the primary bulk material and comes in three sizes, small, medium and large.

• Speciality Chisels: These are used by intermediate and advanced carvers for added assistance in multiple projects.

• Hammers: These come in three weights and are made of soft iron, so the percussion is easier on the stone, tool, and user. 

The steps involved in the process of gemstone carving:

1. Selecting the Gemstone: Gemstones like ruby, emerald, quartz, agate, and crystal are chosen. Yellow sapphire and blue sapphire are particularly prized.

2. Initial Sketch: Create an outline sketch of the desired design using imagination. Draw the sketch on paper.

3. Transferring the Design: Precisely transfer the paper sketch onto the stone using a pencil.

4. Rough Cutting: Use a grinder machine for rough cutting, aided by water, to shape the stone into a rough approximation of the final form.

5. Detailed Carving: Employ small diamond tools to carry out detailed carving. Achieve fine details and a definite shape in the sculpture.

6. Polishing: Attach a buffing cloth to a motor. Use a green buff and apply green-colored powder gradually to the stone's surface. Enhance the smoothness and sheen of the sculpture.

7. Final Touches: Thoroughly wash the sculpture with clean water. Apply oil to enhance the color and shine, and to impart softness. Special polish using sandalwood and oil for gemstones like blue sapphire, ruby, and emerald.

Transforming a raw stone into a polished sculpture is a meticulous process that demands significant hardship and full concentration from the artist. Each step, from initial sketching and rough cutting to detailed carving and polishing, requires immense skill, precision, and dedication. The result is a beautifully crafted gemstone sculpture that not only showcases the artist's talent but also highlights the inherent beauty of the stone itself.

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Gemstone Products

Gemstone idols are meticulously carved and intricately decorated, reflecting the high level of skill and patience put in such detailed work. Carving a small piece of gemstone is an art that demands not only technical proficiency but also great care and precision. The delicate nature of gemstones means that an artist must take numerous precautions to avoid damaging the stone during the carving process.

Most raw gemstones are imported, contributing to their high cost. The expense of these raw materials means that the final products are significantly more valuable compared to those made from artificial stones. This preciousness, combined with the skill and effort invested by the artist, results in a higher price for the finished product.

Creating gemstone idols and jewelry items like pendants, earrings, necklaces, and bangles involves a blend of artistic skills, hard work, and patience. Each piece is crafted to highlight the natural beauty of the gemstone while showcasing the artist's craftsmanship. The final products stand out not only because of the quality of the materials used but also due to the intricate designs and the dedication involved in their creation.

Additionally, many gemstone products are customized to meet specific customer demands. Customization allows for a unique and personalized touch, further increasing the value and appeal of the pieces. Whether for personal adornment or as a special gift, customized gemstone jewelry and idols hold a distinctive charm that mass-produced items cannot match.

Image source Gem Anatomy

Image Source MeMeraki

Image Source Mercnus

Image Source Jewellery Graphics 

Sampoorn - A society for Crafts and Crafts People

Sampoorn, a society dedicated to crafts and craftspeople, is an NGO and non-profit organization registered with the Development Commissioner Ministry of Textiles, Govt. of India, and the World Craft Council. Established in 2000 and officially registered in 2006 (BLU-529-2006-2007), Sampoorn aims to encourage and promote Indian heritage, arts, and crafts, particularly those from rural areas, by providing artisans with a platform to showcase their work.

Based in Bengaluru, this voluntary NGO focuses on the development and promotion of crafts and the welfare of craftspersons. Its activities include craft documentation, design and product development, marketing, training craftspersons, and upgrading skills, tools, and technology. Sampoorn also collects and disseminates statistics, issues bulletins and circulars on handicrafts, and conducts workshops, seminars, and craft bazaars, fairs, and melas to highlight Indian heritage arts and crafts.

In association with Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Vastu Sangrahalaya, Sampoorn organized the ‘Rajasthani Crafts Mela’ from October 13th to 16th, 2022, at Coomaraswamy Hall, CSMVS, Mumbai. This event showcased the finest Rajasthani handicrafts, decor items, textiles, and other exquisite creations. Among the exhibits were gemstone carvings, pichhwai paintings, miniature paintings, tribal jewelry, block-printed and dyed fabrics, and many other handicrafts. Art lovers in Mumbai had the opportunity to experience and enjoy the rich arts and crafts of Rajasthan.

The Rajasthani Crafts Mela (Image source)

Shri Amrit Sirohiya

Shri Amrit Sirohiya was born on January 21, 1979, in the village of Boraj, Jaipur. In 2016, his exceptional gemstone carving artistry was recognized at the national level, earning him the prestigious National Award from the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India. In 2020, he received further accolades, including the Rajasthan Fashion Jewellery Award and the Maharana Sajjan Singh Award of Mewar, the latter bestowed by the Royal family of Maharana Pratap. He is the first and only national awardee in this craft.

Encouraged by his father and elder brother, both miniature painting artists, Amrit developed an early interest in art. However, he wanted to pursue something different within the field. After completing his education, he saw his future in gemstone carving and focused on sculpture. He learned the nuances of art and sketching from Shri Radhe Ji Anadi, while Senior painter Shri Nathu Lal Verma Ji and the late Padma Shri Arjun Prajapati Ji served as great sources of inspiration. He began his carving journey under the guidance of Shri Deepchand Ji.

With 27 years of experience, Amrit works with both precious and semi-precious gemstones such as ruby, emerald, coral, crystal, agate, and lapis. He specializes in carving idols of gods and goddesses like Ganesh Ji, Radha Krishna, Shiva Parvati, and Lord Buddha, as well as nature scenes.

Deeply immersed in his work while listening to Indian classical music, Amrit has showcased his exclusive creations at numerous exhibitions across India, including Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Bangalore, and Hyderabad, as well as internationally in Italy, Germany, China, and America. His articles on Ratna Murti Kala have been published in many popular magazines. Through his organization, Creation of Gemstone Carving Institute (CGCI), he has provided free training to over 100 individuals, issuing artisan IDs for each. His wife and daughter are also learning the art from him.

Shri Amrit Sirohiya (Image source)

 The business environment for gemstone products in modern times

The business environment for gemstones in today's world is dynamic and multifaceted, influenced by various factors including market demand, technological advancements, geopolitical issues, and sustainability concerns. Below are key aspects that characterize the current landscape:

1. Market Demand and Trends

• Growing Affluence and Consumer Preferences: As global affluence increases, particularly in emerging markets like China and India, there is a rising demand for luxury goods, including gemstones and fine jewelry. Consumers are increasingly seeking unique, high-quality pieces.

• Customization and Personalization: There is a growing trend towards customized and personalized jewelry, driven by consumers' desire for unique and bespoke items. This has led to an increased demand for specific gemstones and custom designs.

2. Technological Advancements

• Enhanced Cutting and Polishing Techniques: Advances in technology have improved the precision and efficiency of gemstone cutting and polishing, resulting in higher-quality products.

• E-commerce and Digital Marketing: The rise of e-commerce and digital marketing has transformed how gemstones are bought and sold. Online platforms provide a global marketplace, allowing consumers to purchase gemstones from anywhere in the world. Digital marketing, including social media, plays a crucial role in reaching and engaging customers.

3. Geopolitical and Economic Factors

• Supply Chain Disruptions: Geopolitical tensions, trade policies, and economic instability can disrupt the supply chain of gemstones. For instance, sanctions or conflicts in gemstone-producing regions can affect availability and prices.

• Currency Fluctuations: The global nature of the gemstone market means that currency fluctuations can impact pricing and profitability.

4. Sustainability and Ethical Considerations

• Ethical Sourcing: There is increasing awareness and demand for ethically sourced gemstones. Consumers and regulatory bodies are pushing for transparency in the supply chain to ensure that gemstones are not associated with conflict or human rights abuses.

• Sustainable Practices: Environmental sustainability is becoming a critical concern. Companies are adopting sustainable practices in mining, cutting, and polishing to minimize environmental impact and ensure long-term viability.

5. Competitive Landscape

• Established Brands vs. Independent Artisans: The market is characterized by competition between established luxury brands and independent artisans. While brands benefit from recognition and marketing resources, artisans attract customers with unique, handcrafted pieces.

• Innovation and Design: Innovation in design and the ability to adapt to changing consumer tastes are essential for staying competitive. Companies that invest in creative and innovative design processes tend to have a competitive edge.

6. Regulatory Environment

• Compliance and Standards: The gemstone industry is subject to various regulations and standards aimed at ensuring quality, authenticity, and ethical practices. Compliance with these regulations is crucial for maintaining consumer trust and avoiding legal issues.

• Certification and Grading: Certification by recognized bodies (e.g., GIA, IGI) is important for verifying the quality and authenticity of gemstones, providing assurance to consumers and enhancing marketability.

 Gemological Institute of America (Image Source)

International Gemological Institute (Image Source)

Information taken from D’source